Mouse anti-rabbit IgG mAb was detected using Anti-mouse IgG
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that have a high degree of specificity (mono-specificity) for an antigen or epitope. Monoclonal antibodies are usually derived from clonal expansion of antibody-producing plasma cells of human malignant. Monoclonal antibodies are created by combining the beginning of spleen cells from mice immunized with human cells or mouse myeloma (malignant cells produce antibodies to perpetuate themselves), and opt out and cloned hybrid cells (hybridoma) which produces the desired antibody reactivity.
Products mouse monoclonal antibody and the beginning is very valuable in the laboratory and veterinary research and diagnostic tests, but problematic as a therapeutic agent for an immune reaction to foreign rat protein. Furthermore, the production of mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody and means of further “humanize” them and producing recombinant human monoclonal antibodies are fully developed.
The conventions used in the nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies indicate whether they are mouse (-omab), chimeric (-ximab), humanizing (-zumab) or fully human (-umab). Monoclonal antibodies have medical uses extensive clinical and experimental. Many early monoclonal antibody used in the clinical treatment of immunomodulatory agents with activity against specific immune cells, such as CD4 or CD3 lymphocytes, which are important in the pathogenesis of rejection after solid organ transplantation.
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies prepared against specific cytokines (anti-cytokines), which is believed to play a role in cell and tissue damage in immunological diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, alkylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, among others. In addition, monoclonal antibody therapy was developed, intended to impede or inhibit the activity of certain enzymes, transporters or cell surface signaling molecules and has been used in cancer chemotherapy and to treat severe viral infection.
The use of monoclonal antibodies are currently extending severe therapy, other nonmalignant conditions including asthma, atopic dermatitis, migraine headaches, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis and viral or bacterial infection. Thus, monoclonal antibody therapy does not fall into one class and have broad therapeutic utility. In 2018, more than 60 therapeutic monoclonal antibody approved and used in the United States. The monoclonal antibody is well tolerated. Because they are large proteins (usually 150-200,000 daltons in size) they require parenteral, frequent intravenous administration. circulating protein metabolized by cells, but mainly by hepatocytes.
Proteins undergo liver uptake by endocytosis and either degraded or recycled to the cell surface for secretion. Hepatic metabolism often determine their antibody half-life. Proteins are broken down by cellular proteases into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be used to synthesize other proteins. Protein metabolism does not produce toxic intermediates and, therefore, the monoclonal antibody is unlikely to induce drug-induced liver damage via the production of toxic metabolites.
Description: Avidin is a basic charged glycoprotein present in the egg white and in some extent in tissues of various animals. Avidin is a homotetrameric protein that contains 4 identical subunits which bind to Biotin with high extent of affinity and specificity consisting of 128 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 67K Daltons. ;Avidin-Biotin is a modified form of affinity purified avidin that combines the high affinity specific activity of the native egg white avidin to biotin molecule together with a very low background of the streptavidin produced by the bacteria Streptomyces avidinii.
Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fc Fragment, Affinity Purified (Bulk)
Description: Hemoglobin is the iron-containing metalloprotein in red blood cells. It transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. Deviations from normal values usually indicate abnormalities, such as anemia.
Description: Hemoglobin is the iron-containing metalloprotein in red blood cells. It transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. Deviations from normal values usually indicate abnormalities, such as anemia.
Description: Anti-Flag Affinity Gel is a Protein A purIFied murine IgG2b Monoclonal antibody covalently attached to sepharose 4B wHICh could used on Flag fusion protein purIFication, IP and CO-IP.
Description: Anti-Flag Affinity Gel is a Protein A purIFied murine IgG2b Monoclonal antibody covalently attached to sepharose 4B wHICh could used on Flag fusion protein purIFication, IP and CO-IP.
On the other hand, the peptide produced by the metabolism of exogenous proteins can ultimately served as foreign epitopes and produce an immune response. In addition, the main effect of the monoclonal antibody can produce a response, either immune or vice versa, leading to mediate immune liver injury. Finally, a monoclonal antibody that suppresses the immune system can lead to reactivation of latent infection, including tuberculosis and hepatitis B.
